For this assignment, you are to complete the following 3 parts, that build on one another:
Observe an animal, or animals, that is/are in captivity with you observing them for a minimum of 2 hours. Here you can go to a zoo, a pet store, a sanctuary, an aquarium, or watch an animal via a livestream from multiple zoos around the world—note companion animals do not count for this, nor animals in the wild or in a park—they have to be in captivity.
For this, turn in a summary of observed behaviors based on an animal ethogram (to be covered in Canvas video, and see pptx on animal ethograms on Canvas);
For this you *must* use an online program that can help you turn your observations into a chart/graph/graphic, to visually represent your data. Label your charts for the various categories of behavior you observed over the 2-hour period. (10 points)
First, explain in one paragraph your methods of observation; (10 points)
In another paragraph, share and explain the results of your observations, referencing the chart as needed; (10 points)
And in a final paragraph, the conclusions of your observations, regarding what you think the health and well-being of the animal may be. (10 points)
After you have reported the above, provide a detailed paragraph or two of how the animals you have observed will be impacted by human caused climate change by the year 2100 in their original, native habitat, and what their habitat needs will be in order to remain a genetically viable species. Extrapolate and apply here your findings from #1, to think through how the observed behaviors may or may not be met in 2100 on a 2C warmer planet. Here you must use two scientific studies/reports in your analysis on the animal’s habitat, and then the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s April 2022 report to talk about climate predictions (5 points per use of sources, for 15 points; 15 points for overall discussion, for 30 points).
As you report on suggested habitat/ecosystem needs from science and the 2 reports/studies you cite, use language and share some of the steps from the below graphics, to help analyze and discuss how those habitat needs and climate change impacts were hypothesized by scientific methods and findings: (10 points)
Lastly, interrogate and share what the scientific method as articulated in #2, may be missing in helping to understand the habitat needs of the animals you observed. i.e. what may science be missing, to help humans understand the habitat needs of the animal/s in question, and for humans to protect those animals during climate change. Think here of I=PATV (Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology x Values) and some of the cultural values around conservation, of ethically valuing animals, and other cultural views of animals/ecosystems we have encountered in this course. Here you should utilize a minimum of 2 readings, videos, documentaries, and/or discussion prompts we covered throughout this course, that may be needed to help protect these animals and that mechanistic science and the scientific method are not able to address. Here you should also reference the above graphics on the scientific method in your analysis of what is specifically missing from them/the scientific method as you answer this part. (5 points per use of class materials; 10 points overall analysis, for 20 points)
Links
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/
https://www.pcmag.com/news/10-free-data-visualization-tools
Category: Animal science
For the final exam, you are to turn in a 2 page (full 2 pages, 12 font Times New Roman, double spaced–I will read more if more is turned in) reflection on your journey through HAS/how your views of animals and goals to be in relationship with them, may have changed, and how and why, compared to January 2024 before you began your journey through the course. There is no “right” or “wrong” answer to this–rather, this is a chance for you to reflect on and synthesize any key thoughts, feelings, and insights that you’ve had or that you read/encountered, over the course, that may stick with you moving forward as an animal on a living earth. Turning something with some effort and reflection in, will earn a 100–note that your score will not be hurt if some things or lectures didn’t help/you didn’t agree with/have impacted your views of animals (human or otherwise) in ways that make you frustrated or angry.
Research paper on animal production comparing milk with dairy animals. I don’t need much detail as I don’t know English very well.
I am an animal rights activist, and feel very strongly about it. This has to be an 8-10 page research paper – MLA Style with at least six sources and three in text citations. I have attached all the instructions from the teacher.
Introduction
The production and maturation of gametes in vertebrates 1s tightly controlled by several hormones. Oocyte maturation refers to the process in which fully-grown oocytes become fertilizable. In fish, fully-grown oocytes are arrested in meiosis I and resumption of meiosis occurs during final oocyte maturation (Nalahama et al., 1995; Peyton and Thomas, 2011).
During oocyte maturation, the oocyte nucleus (germinal vesicle, GV) migrates from the center to the animal pole and subsequently, the nuclear envelope breaks down. This process is referred to as germinal vesicle break down (GVBD). The GV in immature fish oocytes is difficult to observe because the cytoplasm of the immature oocyte is opaque (Figure 1A). However, during final oocyte maturation, oocytes become translucent (Figure 1B). To determine if GVBD has occurred, follicles can be chemically fixed and observed under a dissection microscope equipped with a transmitted light. The GVBD can also be scored easily by observing if oocytes have become translucent.
It has been shown that three major factors are important in the induction of oocyte maturation including the gonadotropin luteinizing hormone (LH). When conditions are favourable for spawning, a surge in LH secretion by the pituitary, acts on the thecal cells of follicles to stimulate the production of 17a-hydroxyprogesterone (HP). HP is then converted into 17a,20ß -dihydroxyprogesterone, known as maturation-inducing hormone MIH) in the granulosa cells. Subsequently, MIH acts on the oocyte surface to activate maturation promoting factor, which in turn, induces final oocyte maturation Nagahama et al., 1995; Tokumoto et al.,
2011; see Lessman, 2009 for a review).
Introduction (guide: 1500 words)
Introduce and review the scientific literature, and perhaps the industry situation, within the
experimental area in which you are proposing to work. Discuss the background to the project
and explain why you intend to carry out this project. This is your chance to justify the proposed
research by use of current and relevant scientific literature and with reference to a current issue
relevant to your industry. You should include the aims and objectives of the research.
2. Experimental Plan (guide: 1000 words)
This should include the following:
• Hypotheses (or detailed Research Questions where hypotheses are not appropriate)
• Materials and methods
• Data collection: Method of data collection, type of data and potential statistical tests to be
used.
• Feasibility: Costs, time, resources available and ethical considerations
Additional Guidance on the Written Research Proposal
1. Writing Style: The two sections of the written proposal with some editing could act as the
Introduction and Method sections of a dissertation and you should look at these sections from
scientific papers to get a feel for the writing style. There is however one obvious difference
between your work and a report in that reports are written in the past tense as they are reporting
what was done, while your proposal is for something that may be done in the future so write in
the future tense (e.g. ‘ten trees will be randomly selected’ rather than ‘ten trees were randomly
selected’).
2. Introduction
Aims are broad statements of the desired outcomes, or the general intentions, of the research.
Aims emphasize what you wish to accomplish in the longer term / bigger picture rather than
saying how this will be accomplished. Your aims should lead on from the results of previous
studies and will often relate to the industry situation. (Generally, a project will have no more
than two or maybe three aims.)
Objectives are subsidiary to aims and relate to the specific outcomes you expect from your
study (they are not a list of actions to be taken). An objective should:
• Be achievable/feasible
• Be precisely described
• Read as a statement to convey your intentions
(Generally, a project will have no more than 3 or 4 objectives.)
3. Experimental Plan
In order to design an experimental plan that will match your objectives it is important that you
first think in detail about exactly what you are trying to find out. Research Hypotheses are the
specific testable predictions made about the independent and dependent variables in the study
that you will be testing with your experimental plan. The independent variable is the variable
you alter to give a response in the dependant variable. E.g. alteration of fertiliser application
rates (independent variable) may result in differences in plant size (dependant variable). The
key to carrying out useful research is that at the end of it you can state what has actually
happened and relate this to your hypothesis.
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Some proposed research, particularly social science research, will not be suitable for use of
hypotheses. In this instance, you should instead provide detailed Research Questions that
you intend to answer instead of hypotheses.
Material and methods should explain exactly what you propose to do. The materials to be
used, equipment and consumables, should be included as part of the description of the
methods rather than listed separately. Sufficient detail should be included to make it quite clear
what you intend to do, for example equipment might include the make and model of a mowing
machine, consumables might include how much fertiliser is required and its specification in
terms of N, P & K levels. The methods should explain things such as how the equipment will
be used or how the fertiliser will be applied. If standard procedures are to be adopted then they
should be referenced and emphasis given to justifying any changes made to this standard
method. In this section it is very important to consider good scientific practice e.g. random
selection of individuals to ensure that groups are not inherently biased and ‘blinding’ of the
observer so they are not aware of which treatment a particular result is being obtained from.
We appreciate that in reality as a single researcher these ideals may be compromised, but they
should still be considered.
Data collection should explain the basics of how the data will be collected, i.e. what will be
done, who will do it and when and how often will the measurements be recorded. It is not
necessary to state the blindingly obvious e.g. don’t state a pen and paper will be used to write
things down or that the weight will be recorded in grams. Note you should be using metric units
of measurement in the first instance but may convert these to imperial units if they are the
industry standard.
The potential statistical tests to be used should relate to the nature of the work being done
e.g. if differences between two groups are to be examined then a two-sample t-test could be
suggested, if relationships between measurements from individuals are to be sought then a
Pearson correlation would be a suitable approach. You should also consider the non-parametric
alternatives if the data was tested and found not to be normally distributed (in relation to the
examples above these would be a Mann-Whitney test and a Spearman correlation).
Feasibility should identify any potential problems with carrying out the work and how they are
likely to be overcome. The costs should include estimates of the cost of equipment and
consumables needed to carry out the work, it is also useful to estimate the amount of your time
required to complete the practical aspects of the work.
The evolution of dogs. Touch on the lifestyles of dogs now (globally most dogs are street dogs). Add in why dogs have been so altered by the transition from independence to joining Team Human, but cats are still basically the same critters they used to be. Use knowledge of natural selection natural history, and biological anthropology. Needs citations.
This is an informative essay about zoonotic diseases. I have listed some sources I want to beused in the paper. Please use real sources and cite them correctly. Thanks! Here is an outline to follow (doesn’t have to be exact, just similar to the outline)
Thesis & Background:
Zoonotic diseases, transferring from animals to humans, pose significant public health challenges, showing the necessity of understanding their dynamics and implementing preventive strategies.
Background:
What are zoonotic diseases
Some examples
Reason One:
Topic Sentence: Zoonotic diseases exhibit diverse transmission routes.
a. Paragraph One: Highlighting direct transmission through contact with infected animals.
b. Paragraph Two: Exploring indirect transmission via contaminated environments or vectors.
Reason Two:
Topic Sentence: Zoonotic diseases vary in their impact and severity.
a. Paragraph One: Discussing examples of mild zoonotic infections.
b. Paragraph Two: Examining severe cases leading to outbreaks or pandemics.
Reason Three:
Topic Sentence: Environmental and human factors contribute to zoonotic disease emergence.
a. Paragraph One: Addressing deforestation and urbanization as drivers of zoonotic spillover.
b. Paragraph Two: Discussing human behaviors and practices influencing disease transmission dynamics.
Conclusion:
Summarizing the urgency of understanding zoonotic disease dynamics, advocating for proactive measures to prevent future outbreaks, and highlighting the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.
SOURCES:
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03736-8
https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1088493/pdf/TB010983.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13306
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165069
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.007
See attached
It’s a synthesis using 3 peer reviewed articles on how cuttlefish use deceit in mating and how it shows higher levels of cognitive ability
Research and discuss feeding organic farming pigs only organic foods. I will attach a document of the questions needed to be answered in the essay.