This file contains the instructions to complete Lab Report 2. The gradic rubric is on page 2 so please pay close attention to this as this is what they will base the marks on. The questions to the lab report start on page 3.
Category: Neurophysiology
plesae help me make a Scientific Poster
(BIOL2230)
The
ability to communicate complex scientific (or other) concepts in simple terms
to a range of audiences is a critical skill for scientists and many other
professions. Presenting research findings in the form of a scientific poster is
a common communication technique used at scientific conferences.
A
good scientific poster combines diagrams/images and a limited amount of text to
convey information quickly and accurately to the reader.
Your
assignment is to create a scientific poster to describe the experiments you
conducted in the Sensory Thresholds: Taste and Smell Practical class and
present your data and analysis to a scientific audience.
Your
poster should include data from both experiments, olfactory adaptation, and
taste thresholds.
Do
not pick
only one.
You
should use multiple sources for your references including lecture material, the
textbook and review papers. Do not use websites as your source, although these
may help you find the original article where the information came from. For
each statement (or image) you should include in-text citations, and the
source references provided in a list somewhere unobtrusive on the poster. There
is no specific reference style for this assignment. You can consider using an
abbreviated form (for example dropping the title from the reference and not
giving the full list of authors) so that your references do not dominate your
poster.
If
you find an existing poster on the topic, do not copy this – produce your own
content and design. Submissions will be screened through Turnitin and
compared for similarity.
Instructions for the scientific poster
·
Create a one-page scientific
poster on data you obtained from the Sensory Thresholds: Taste and Smell
Practical class. A PowerPoint template is available on iLearn to get you
started.
·
Your poster should have the
following sections:
§ Introduction: to describe/define the
topic. Also states aims and hypothesis
§ Methodology: how you conducted the
experiments to obtain the data
§ Results: present your results and
statistical analysis using graphs
§ Conclusion: what do you conclude from
your results
§ References: list of references that you
have cited in the text
·
Save your poster as a
text-based PDF (*.pdf) file for final submission.
(Turnitin will not accept PDF image files such as those generated from a
scanned document.) Usually you can ‘Export’ or ‘Save As’ a PDF from Word
or PowerPoint.
Some helpful websites:
https://www.posternerd.com/tutorials
https://guides.nyu.edu/posters
Grading Rubric
This
assignment will be marked out of 40 and is worth 20% of your Unit mark. Grading
will be based on the following:
Title
[1 mark]
§ Appropriate
and descriptive title to the poster [1 mark]
Introduction
[8 marks] – approx. 150 – 200 words
§ Define
the concepts of differential and absolute thresholds related to the senses of
taste and smell [4 marks]
§ Refers
to the literature about known difference in the senses of taste and smell in relation
to gender [2 marks]
§ Clearly
stated aim and hypothesis [2 marks]
§ Information
must be fully referenced with in-text citations and a complete source reference
list at the bottom of the poster. No marks awarded if the information is not
referenced
Methodology
[4 marks] – approx. 100 – 150 words
§ Overview
of the methodology used for olfactory adaptation experiment [2 marks]
§ Overview
of the methodology used for taste thresholds experiment [2 marks]
Olfactory
adaptation results [10 marks]
§ Clear
and labelled graphs describing the results of the olfactory adaptation
experiment. Graphs should be bar charts comparing male vs female, showing the
average (mean) of each condition (2 graphs in total; one for each odour) with
error bars for standard deviation or standard error. Graphs axes should be
labelled, and an appropriate title included [6 marks]
§ Detailed
figure legends stating the statistical test used, p-values obtained and sample
size [4 marks]
Taste
thresholds results [10 marks]
§ Clear
and labelled graphs describing the results of the taste thresholds experiment.
Graphs should be bar charts comparing male vs female, showing the frequency
(number of students) of each condition (4 graphs in total; one for each taste).
Graphs axes should be labelled, and an appropriate title included [6 marks]
§ Detailed
figure legends stating the statistical test used, p-values obtained and sample
size [4 marks]
Conclusion
[2 mark] – approx. 50 words
§ Logical
conclusion drawn from the olfactory adaptation experiment [1 mark]
§ Logical
conclusion drawn from the taste thresholds experiment [1 mark]
Presentation
and design of poster [5 marks]
§ Clear
and visually appealing poster with obvious hierarchy or directional flow of the
information [3 marks]
§ Balance
of text and diagrams/images. Within word limits for each section (where
applicable) [2 marks]
Guide for statistical
analysis
Analysis of
olfactory adaptation times
1.
To explore any differences in
olfactory adaptation times between male and female subjects we will use an
independent T-test on the collated class data.
2.
Go to the following on-line
T-test Calculator:
3.
https://www.socscistatistics.com/tests/studentttest/default.aspx
4.
First, analyse the data for
almond essence. We will focus the analysis on individuals who identify as male
or female.
5.
Let Treatment 1 be the female
subjects. In the Treatment 1 text box, type the individual adaptation times
(rounded to the nearest second) for each female subject on a separate line
pressing to move to the next line each time. For example, if
there were 10 subjects, you would enter 10 lines of data one above the other.
6.
Let Treatment 2 be the male
subjects. In the Treatment 2 text box, type the individual adaptation times for
each male subject on a separate line pressing to move to the next
line each time. It does not matter if the number of male and female subjects is
different.
7.
Select a significance level of
.05 (i.e., 5%) and hypothesis to two-tailed. Click on the calculate
button.
8.
Record the ‘Between-treatments’
F-ratio value and the p-value. Note whether this represents a significant
result, i.e., a significant difference in adaptation time between male and
female subjects
a.
If your p value is < 0.05,
there is a statistically significant difference between your treatment
groups.
b.
If your p value is > 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference between your treatment
groups.
9.
Press ‘Reset’ to clear the
data. Repeat steps 4-7 but using the olfactory adaptation times for coffee.
10.
In Excel or a similar program,
create bar charts to illustrate your results for almond essence and coffee. You
will need to generate two charts to illustrate the results for males versus
females for each odorant. Label the axes and give the chart(s) a title.
Analysis of taste threshold data
1.
To explore any differences in
taste threshold between male and female subjects you will need to use a
statistical test that allows us to compare categorical data: the Chi-square (c2) test.
2.
Go to the following online
Chi-square calculator:
3.
https://www.socscistatistics.com/tests/chisquare2/default2.aspx
4.
Enter labels in the relevant
text boxes by clicking on them. We will focus the analysis on individual who
chose to identify as male or female. Group 1 you can change to male; group 2
you can change to female. The Category labels (Category 1, Category 2, etc.)
are the threshold concentrations (see below). NB: If there was no-one (either
male or female or both) that detected the tastant at one of the concentrations
used, do not use that concentration in the Table as the analysis will not work
with zero values (counts).
5.
Press . Then, for
each category and gender combination, enter the number of subjects in the class
that reported their perceptual threshold to be at that concentration. For
example, if 2 males and 4 females detected the tastant at the lowest concentration
of sweet (sucrose) of 0.001% then enter the data as below:
6.
In the above table we also see
that 10 males and 12 females first detected the tastant at a concentration of
0.01% and 2 males and 1 female first detected the tastant at a concentration of
0.1%. The 1% concentration is not shown here because either no males or no
females or neither males and females had this concentration as their threshold,
i.e., they detected the tastant at a lower concentration. You will need to
alter this to suit your data and the concentrations used.
7.
Click . Select a
significance level of .05 and click
8.
Record the chi-square statistic
and the p-value and note whether this is a significant result, i.e., a
significant gender difference in threshold.
a.
If your p value is < 0.05,
there is a statistically significant difference between your treatment
groups.
b.
If your p value is > 0.05,
there is not a statistically significant difference between your treatment
groups.
9.
Click and
repeat steps 12–16 for each different tastant.
1.
In Excel or similar program, create bar charts to
illustrate your results for the different tastants. Label the axes and give the
charts(s) a title.