Disease Project: You will choose a communicable/contagious disease that is caused by a
microbial agent and has been involved in a recent development in the United States. You
will provide information on the background on the microbe, the disease it causes, and the
recent development concerning the disease in a written report and a subsequent oral
presentation.
Report
Section 1 – Microbe significance: Write approximately ½-1 page of basic background on
this microbe and why it is important (defining characteristics, opportunistic diseases that it
can cause, how it is used in biotechnology or research, etc.).
Section 2 – Disease background: Write approximately ½-1 page on basic background of
the disease that is caused by this microbe and why it is significant (symptoms, treatments,
prevalence, etc.).
Section 3 – New development of disease: Write approximately 1-2 pages explaining a
new development of the disease. Include details on how/why this development occurred,
what are the immediate ramifications, and what is the proposed resolution or future
outlook for this development (recent outbreak, new treatment, increase/decrease in
incidence, etc.).
*Your report should include figures (tables, graphs and/or pictures) for each section
listed above. Make sure to mention all figures in the text of the paper and to include a title
and description for each figure. If you are using a figure from another source, be sure to
include appropriate citations.
*Citations should be included throughout the report when you are not the originator of
that information. Please use numbered citations as according to CSE Citation-Sequence
format. Also, a list of References should be included at the end of the report, also
formatted using CSE style (Citation-Sequence system). Only include references that are
cited in the report and make sure all cited works have an entry in the references section.
-At least 5 references must be used in the report, with 2 of these references being
scientific journal articles. Take a screen shot of the abstract pages for the
scientific journal article references and paste at the end of the report (after
References section)
-For more on CSE Citation-Sequence formatting see the link on the Course and
Library Resources page in the Course Orientation Module in Canvas
Report Formatting:
– The report should use the template provided in Canvas and should be between three
and five pages of text (not including graphs/tables/references/attachments)
– Make sure to include all of the sections described above.
– Include a cover sheet for your report.
– The report should be typed with 11 or 12 point-sized font.
– 1 inch margins
– 1.5-2 line spacing
– Word document (.doc or .docx)
Category: Microbiology
Bio 265 Microbiology Unknown ReportDue: 12/08/2022
You are being issued a numbered test tube containing a mixed culture in TSB. There is a gram- and a gram+, and they must first be isolated.
GOAL: To isolate and identify the 2 organisms assigned to species level from a list of possible organisms, using the fewest number of tests possible.
HINTS:
a) What is the FIRST requirement in culture identification?
b) Always read about the test you are about to perform before you do it. If you perform a test incorrectly it will often result in an incorrect reading, thus leading you on a wild goose chase when you can least afford it.
c) Dichotomous Keys in books and in the lab manual are helpful, but you should not use them verbatim. Reasons: they don’t always apply directly to your organism and they often include organisms that are not on your list of possible organisms. Therefore you must devise your own keys, based on all available data, and use them to determine the probable identity of your organisms.
USE COMMON SENSE AT EVERY STEP!
d) Which tests should you use?
1) Bergey’s Manual divides the chapters based on Gram stain, morphology, and metabolism. Although it doesn’t look like it at first glance, Bergey’s Manual id a dichotomous key that uses conventional taxonomy.
2) What are the first couple of tests you should use in an identification scheme using conventional taxonomy? Consider this well. It is vital to getting a good grade on this assignment.
3) After that. The next tests should be tests that differentiate between the organisms that are left.
4) Then use tests that differentiate between the small groups of more closely related organisms that are left.
5) Once you have your organism determined, you should perform one test (for each organism) that confirms the identity of each organism. Pick a test that differentiates between the last few organisms on your dichotomous key. You may also elect to perform final comparison testing with a pure standard of your presumptive organism, available from the instructor.
Following the instructions in writing the report is a big part of the assignment. The report will include Title, Abstract, Introduction, Methods/Materials, Results, and Discussion in scientific journal format.
a) In Methods, a COMPLETE dichotomous key, clearly showing how you identified your organisms and how ALL other organisms were eliminated (list organisms at each branch!)
b) Written rationale for why you chose a particular test at that point in your identification scheme.
c) Explain the scientific basis for every test you do. Give an explanation of the test, what is being tested for, and what the results mean. (I am NOT looking for a description of the procedure!)
d) In Results, the outcome of every test you performed, a description of gram-stain morphology, and a description of colonial morphology on solid media.
e) In Discussion, include a well-written 3-4 paragraph description of your organism’s
1) Usual habitat
2) Growth and metabolic features (describe its type of metabolism!)
3) And especially its importance to medical and/or industrial microbiology.
4) Description of any difficulties, problems, or explanations, if relevant.
f) Plagiarism.
Plagiarism (use of words, ideas, images, etc. without citation) is not to be tolerated and can be easily avoided by adequately referencing any and all information you use from other sources. In the strictest sense, plagiarism is representation of the work of others as being your work, and is regarded as theft of intellectual property. Paraphrasing others’ words too closely may be construed as plagiarism in some circumstances. In journal-style papers there is virtually no circumstance in which the findings of someone else cannot be expressed in your own words and with a proper citation of the source.
g) With your written report, submit 2 correctly labelled slants of your two organisms.
h) When you are writing your report, have this guide at hand. Follow it very closely; the format of your report is as important to your grade as are the results of your tests.
Your paper should follow this standard scientific journal format:
TITLE – simple, descriptive, and to the point
ABSTRACT- The abstract should be used to bridge the gap between the title with a few words and a paper of several pages. Remember that the abstract will be read by more people than the paper itself. An informative abstract contains a summary of all the main points that are in the essay or the paper. To prepare an informative abstract an author should read the essay or paper, making notes as he or she progresses. Abstracts are often written AFTER the paper is complete, and include a sentence on your Introduction, Methods, and Results. You should state your major findings here.
INTRODUCTION- An introduction to a scientific paper should normally not exceed 400 words (check the requirements of the Journal to which you intend to submit your paper) and it should cover the following subjects:
1) The background of the subject to be investigated
2) Give a brief resume of what is the state of present knowledge about the subject to be investigated quoting the appropriate references.
3) Identify gaps in existing knowledge
4) Explain the reasoning for the investigation. (e.g. “Why we should care about this.”)
METHODS/MATERIALS – This section deals with these main topics:
1) Equipment and materials used
2) Experimental design
3) Methods and analysis used, if statistical (and chemical, if required)
4) Your dichotomous key, which is your hypothesis.
RESULTS – This section should contain:
1) The information which the investigation has provided (observations made)
2) Tables and graphs which summarize the data collected
3) Text used to draw attention to the main features presented in any tables or graphs.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS – This section should summarize the main findings of the experiment undertaken.
1) Should draw reasoned conclusions
2) Should compare these conclusions with those drawn by other workers
3) Should indicate the practical implications of the findings
4) Should indicate what further research is needed.
REFERENCES CITED-
Citations of references in the text
Reference may be cited in two ways; either “Brown, smith and Jones (2006) and Abdulahi (1998) confirmed these results…” or “These results were confirmed by similar experiments (Brown, Smith and Jones, 2006; Abdulahi, 2006)”. The names of all the authors (but not their initials) should be given the first time the reference is cited in the text. For subsequent citations, if there are three or more authors an abbreviation of the forms “Brown et al. (2001)…” should be used. Where more than one reference is used for the same author in one year, lowercase letters should be used to distinguish between them, for example, “McLean (2002b)”.
List of references at end of paper
The reference section contains a list of all the references cited in the text. References should be arranged in alphabetical order (according to the last name of the first author). Each reference to an article should contain the following:
1) Name (or names) of authors(s), (each) followed by initials.
2) Year of publication in parentheses.
3) Title of article
4) Title of journal, either in full or abbreviated according to the World List of Scientific Periodicals
5) Volume of journal, underlined
6) Number of first and last pages of article
For example:
Hutber A.M., and Kitching R.P. (2000). The role of management segregations in the control of intra-herd foot and mouth disease. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 32:285-294
Each reference to a book should contain:
a) Name(s) and year, as above
b) Title of book. The most important words in the title should be given capital letters, e.g. “Milk and Beef Production in the Tropics”.
c) Publisher and place of publication, e.g. “Oxford University Press, London”.
Each reference to an article which is published in a book of Conference Proceedings should also contain the title of the book and its editor. For example:
Chalmers, E.E. (2004). Advantages and disadvantages of nomadism with particular reference to the Republic of Sudan. In: Beef Cattle Production in Developing Countries (Ed. Smith, A.J.), pp.388-397. Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh
Attention should be paid to uniformity of punctuation. Please check the list of references, since it is very frustrating for the reader to find that references in the text are not included, or that they are wrongly quoted. Make sure that references in the text are in the reference list – programs such as Word, Papyrus, and Endnote can assist with this chore and that of putting reference together.
How to cite a website:
Structure: Last, F. M. (Year, Mont Date Published). Article Title. Website Title. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL.
Examples:
Lyme Disease Data. (December 6, 2013). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 3, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/stats/index.html
Cain, K. (2012, June 29). The Negative Effects of Facebook on Communication. Social Media Today RSS. Retrieved January 3, 2013, from http://socialmediatoday.com
Purpose
Gram staining differentiates bacteria by their cell walls’ chemical and physical properties. It is usually the first step in bacterial identification in the laboratory and a valuable diagnostic tool. You recently learned about Gram Stains in Chapters 3 and 4. This activity will show how this technique can be applied in the clinical setting. This assignment meets the requirements of the General Education and Biology STEM Pathways assessment programs.
Learning Outcome
Students will apply the scientific method when analyzing laboratory results and medical information.
Task
Read the case study below.
Copy/paste and answer the following:
Write an evidence-based conclusion regarding the causative agent of Isabella’s disease.
Your answer should include supporting evidence from the case study stain and the descriptions of the possible pathogens.
State one remaining question about staining, microscopy techniques, or bacterial structures.
Evaluation Criteria
Submissions will be graded according to a 9-point rubric; however, the rubric does not reflect the total number of points of the assignment. To view the rubric, click on the three vertical dots in the upper right-hand corner of the page.
Case Study
Isabella is a 24-year-old nursing student. She works full-time in the local emergency department. Earlier in the week, she began to feel tired and run down. She had a severe headache, fever, and her neck felt stiff. At work, there had recently been an increase in influenza cases, so she initially thought she might be getting sick with the flu. She decided to take a few days off to rest and took acetaminophen (Tylenol) for the pain. The symptoms persisted and worsened over the next few days. Her roommate convinced her to go to the emergency room for medical attention.
Alex, the physician’s assistant that Isabella frequently works with, observed that Isabella was running a high fever, had a visibly stiff neck, and complained of a headache. These are common signs and symptoms of meningitis, an infection of the membranes around the brain. They quickly ordered a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the laboratory, a thin smear of CSF was prepared and Gram-stained. Many white blood cells (WBCs) were observed in the specimen. Smaller microbial cells (indicated by the arrows) were also observed [Figure 1].
picture: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=76563138
Below are descriptions of some possible pathogens:
Chlamydia trachomatis- C. trachomatis is a gram-negative coccus commonly infecting the genital tract. Symptoms include abnormal discharge and a burning sensation when urinating. It most commonly occurs in individuals under the age of 25. It is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases.
Echoviruses- Diseases caused by echoviruses range from minor febrile illness to meningitis and encephalitis (brain inflammation). They are small, nonenveloped viruses with a genome composed of RNA. Echoviruses are transmitted through the fecal-oral route.
Haemophilus influenzae- H. influenzae is a Gram-negative bacillus. It may cause pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, epiglottitis (swelling of the throat), cellulitis (skin infections) or infections arthritis (inflammation of the joint). Diseases caused by H. influenzae mostly occur in children younger than 5 years old and adults 65 years or older.
Influenza viruses- influenza is a common illness with seasonal variation. It is caused by one of several enveloped RNA viruses. In rare cases influenza infection can result in meningitis. Individuals with weakened immune systems or young children are at the highest risk for this complication.
Neisseria meningitidis- N. meningitidis is a Gram-negative coccus associated with meningitis and septicemia (blood infection). Diseases caused by N. meningitidis are associated with high mortality. The disease spreads through close contact with infected individuals. It most commonly affects infants and adolescents.
Streptococcus pneumoniae- S. pneumoniae is a Gram-positive coccus that may cause pneumonia, bronchitis, bloodstream, and meningitis. It often resides in the respiratory tract, sinuses and nasal cavity of asymptomatic carriers. It is spread through direct person-to-person contact via respiratory droplets. It most commonly affects children and the elderly
The concept of contagious disease caused by microorganisms is first seen in the Old Testament. The biblical roots of microbiology are not a surprise when we consider the contributions of Louis Pasteur, the father of modern microbiology. Pasteur’s swan-necked flask experiments not only disproved the theory of spontaneous generation (i.e., life evolved from nonliving matter), but also set the foundation for the law of biogenesis: life comes from preexisting life.
Conduct research of microbial pathogens/infectious agents. Refer to Part IV – Infections Diseases (Chapters 21–27) in Nester’s Microbiology: A Human Perspective With Connect and other online scientific journals/articles (e.g., .edu, .gov, .org websites).
Select any one microorganism (i.e., bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoa, or prion) and create a PowerPoint presentation (minimum of 10 slides) that addresses the following criteria:
Title slide (clearly present your topic and your name)
Causative agent and structure
Diseases, signs, and symptoms
Pathogenesis and virulence
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Treatment, control, and prevention
Microbe in the news (highlight one reliable news article about your microorganism)
Christian worldview on caring for the suffering (provide a relevant Bible verse/passage and briefly discuss the significance of microbes from a biblical perspective)
Reference slide (Use a minimum of three references; only use reliable sources)
Reliable sources include: The course textbook, other books from major publishers, newspapers, peer reviewed articles, peer reviewed journals, PhD dissertations and research, public libraries [GCU library], scholarly articles, isolated studies or academic research, professional organizations’ websites, educational institutions’ websites, and government websites.
Unreliable sources include: Wikipedia, blogs, forums, self-published books, questionable sites created by nonprofessional organizations, and sites that provide biased information.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
Hello, please help me create a calendar of microbiology experiments. and also answer the questions you’ll see on the screenshot. Please make sure it’s ONE image of COMPLETE calendar in JPEG. Thank you!!!
I need assistance with my Micro lab through strighterline I have the experiments complate and most of the pre and post lab I just need guidance with 11 questions
You will pick a microorganism for your paper on pathology or microbe-environment interactions. The organism cannot be one of the ones that is covered in the Course Schedule section of the Course Syllabus. Select a pathogen/microbe from current events that is an emerging or reemerging concern to you or people in your area. Provide local epidemiological data/statistics for the organism. I WILL NOT choose or approve your topic. You will follow the guidelines. If you email me about your topic, I will refer you back to the guidelines.
Your paper must include all the following:
The paper should be a minimum of 5 pages of relevant and informative material that covers all the content and requirements listed below and in the rubric. The 5 pages does not include the title and reference pages. The paper should thoroughly inform the reader.
Introduction to the organism (structure, cell type, morphology, metabolic requirements, natural reservoir, history, etc.)
Introduction to the disease(s) caused by the organism (epidemiology, signs, symptoms, etc.) OR introduction to the environmental impact of the organism
List and describe factors employed by the organism to assist in its growth, reproduction, culture conditions, host/pathogen interactions and/or virulence. (e.g. nitrogen fixation, symbiotic interactions etc.) Categorize virulence factors by mechanisms of action (Immunity Avoidance, Tissue/Cell Lysis, Colonization/Spread)
Discussion of treatment/prevention options for the disease(s) caused by the organism (Antibiotics or other chemotherapeutics given as part of treatment and their mechanisms of action, Vaccines available and type)
APA format. This includes citations and references
Title page must have a title (name of the disease selected), student name, instructor name, course title, and date.
No direct quotes; put information into your own words or paraphrase
3 primary and at least 2 secondary scholarly sources
1-inch margins
Double-spaced
12 point, Times New Roman, Arial, or Courier
After uploading to Turnitin, your paper will be scored for similarity. Anything above 20% similarity should be worked on further and uploaded again before the due date. Please email your instructor for more help with this.
What is meant by the term “enteric pathogen”?
Why are anaerobic organisms generally not seen in a routine fecal specimen or culture?
What are the indole test, methyl red test, voges-proskauer test, and citrate test (IMViC) reactions? Describe in detail all four reactions (what media is used, important ingredients, what each reaction measures, and what positive and negative results mean).
Create a flowchart for the isolation and identification of specific enteric bacteria from fecal samples.
Why might organisms in the upper respiratory tract change when the normal flora is replaced with transient flora?
What are the types of streptococcal hemolysis? Describe.
How is Streptococcus pneumoniae distinguished from other streptococci that have the same hemolytic properties? What additional tests are needed or performed?
When microbiologists isolate bacteria, the identity of the bacteria must be determined. Various staining methods and biochemical tests are used to determine the genus and species of the unknown bacteria. Students will report on the identity of a given unknown bacterium and describe the methodology and results of the Gram stain, biochemical tests, selective and/or differential media, and rapid membrane tests. Since this is an online course, these tests have been performed already, and the results will be distributed in a .docx file containing photographs of the slides, membranes, and media. The .docx file is located in Connect and is labeled “Topic 5 Identification of Unknown Data.”
In the scientific community, it is important to be able to articulate data, key concepts, and conclusions from experiments that are performed. In this assignment, you will communicate the results of the lab in a formal lab report.
Complete the lab report using the “BIO-205L Lab Report Format Guide,” and submit it to the digital classroom.
APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
This assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
Benchmark Information
This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:
B.S. Environmental Science
1.2: Explain and apply biological concepts of structure and function at cellular, molecular, biochemical, tissue, and organismal levels of organization.
Week 7 – Review Sheet
Exercise 3 – The Enterobacteriaceae (Enteric Bacilli)
1. What does the term IMViC mean?
2. Why is the IMViC useful in identifying Enterobacteriaceae? Are further biochemical tests necessary
for complete identification?
3. What diagnostic test differentiates Proteus and Providencia species from other Enterobacteriaceae?
4. How is E. coli distinguished from P. vulgaris on MacConkey agar? On a TSI slant?
5. Why is it important to differentiate glucose nonfermenters from Enterobacteriaceae?