Category: speech

Outline, Rubric and Examples have been attached. Make sure to have each bulletpoint from the rubric. Follow the examples as a guide for formatting the evidence and information. Make sure to use phrases such as “according to” etc to express evidence. Persuasive essay can be anything on health, government, entertainment, or science and technology. Thank you 🙂 

My Speech is about My dream job as a floral designer…
For
your informative speech, you need to use at least one reliable external
source to support your ideas (you may use more than one). Depending on
your topic choice, this source could be a book, a scholarly article, or
an article from a web site. For example, if you have chosen the topic of
your dream job, you may wish to use the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupation Outlook Handbook
to find detailed information on the duties, qualifications, and
long-term outlook for that job. If your speech will be based on the
history of your organization, a recent book about your employer could be
very helpful.
Directions:
Start by providing the
reference to your source in APA style. Hint: if you don’t know how to
cite a certain type of source, go to your favorite search engine and
type “how to cite a (fill in the blank) in APA 7th ed.” Find a sample
citation of the same type of source and follow that format.
Summarize the source in a few sentences.
Explain why the source is relevant and how you intend to use it in your speech.

Our Persuasive Speech was based on a Charity called the JED Foundation. It addressed
the concern of mental health and persuaded our audience to take action addressing mental health
and doing whatever it takes to help others who struggle with it. We could work together,
collaborate, and build on one another ideas to create a concrete persuasive speech. I overall, feel
proud of the work they have done and I’m thankful there was good communication and
suggestions that were there when concluding how this persuasive speech would go out. With the
help of Monroe’s were able to establish different parts each individual of the group had. While
there were some members of the group that had to do two parts of Monroe’s we were still able to
chat with them and answer the questions they had to make sure they weren’t confused with their
part and to ensure the workload for them was reasonable and fair. Many factors in this persuasive
speech were made that to what it is today and it’s to the idea of our collaboration, the use of
ethos, pathos, and logos, and just the overall layout of Monroes that made it strong and effective
towards reaching our goal in what we want our audience to take away from it.
When it came to assigning roles in the group I was in charge of doing the Attention and
Call to Action side of the speech. When deciding who would be a team leader in the group, the
team thought that I would be the best candidate since I like to communicate and check up on
people to make sure we are all on board and the same page. However, I felt like we were all
leaders, to begin with and were able to stay on track in getting the assignment done before the
deadline. If anything I saw myself as the emergent leader who played a role in making sure the
group was on track and not distracted with other stuff(Leadership in small groups, Ch 20). There
were also times in the group when the people there asked me if their part was right or what
would they add to it to make it better. While I did was add some suggestions for parts like the
need or satisfaction, I ended up telling them to discuss it all as a group and just follow what they
think is right based on the criteria provided for this assignment. The goal as team leader was to
make sure everyone’s voices were heard but also make sure the group was all on the same page
and aware of what each other was doing.
We were able to do that by using the Reflective-Thinking Method which was done by the
writers of the American Philosopher John Dewey and involves a step-by-step process for solving
problems such as identifying the problem, analyzing the problem, adding the criteria for solving
the problem, creating solutions, and then choosing the best solution(The Reflective-Thinking
Method, Ch 20). As a group, we were able to identify the problem by coming to the
understanding that a lot of young people and young adults undergo stress in their lives with the
amount of work and responsibility they have in their lives in addition to seeing what the JED
Foundation lacks. We then began to analyze that these people lack the need to reach out to the
people that they need to reach out to reduce the stress levels they deal with and the JED
foundation can improve or build off of that. We then established the criteria by seeing from
research what human resources are often needed to calm people’s emotions down or at least
understand what people often go to when they need help or just the right people to talk to. We
then began to generate solutions like people volunteering at the JED foundation to expand the
outreach. Also, people can help finance the charity to gain more resources to use in helping other
people who need help with their mental health. The best solution was two solutions which were
volunteering and helping finance the JED Foundation.
When it came down to speaking persuasively I was able to note how it’s important to tell
the truth when making a speech and avoid misleading the audience by lying or distorting the
truth in addition to always ensuring that any proof I use is fair and accurate, and refrain from
leaving out any essential information or misrepresenting from the source(Ethics and Persuasion,
Ch 16). With the understanding of that concept, I was able to do my part in the persuasive speech
decently but I felt that I could’ve improved better in terms of focusing more on contact and
changing the tone of my voice based on certain situations in the speech I had. I also learned after
the speech that when making a persuasive speech, it’s important to make sure it is clear by
making a clear connection between the data and the intended point since research shows that
listeners may not automatically come to the right conclusions if they are not guided in the right
way(Using Evidence, Ch 17). There are many things to improve when doing a persuasive speech
but overall, I’m proud of the work me and my team were able to create and speak out about.

it is a persuasive speech outline about a non profit of choice. Don’t forget a works cited page and this must follow the Motivated Sequence Organization pattern about your selected charity. the teacher posted a video and examples on my canvas.

first speech topic is available so you may research and give your speech on Affordable Housing.
You now have two things to do prior to Monday.  
Create your 4 survey questions to determine your classmates’ viewpoints and attitudes on Affordable Housing.
Refer to the PowerPoint slides on Persuasion, especially the slides on Target Audience and Survey Questions.
Try to have a mix of the question types (Fixed Alternative, Scale Questions, and Open-Ended).
ALL INFORMATION SHOULD COME FROM THIS WEBSITE NOTHING CAN COME FROM ANY OTHER SOURCE 
Sample Persuasive Speech
Problem-Cause-Solution Order
General Purpose:  To persuade
Specific Purpose:  To persuade my listeners to support the rotation of names on voting ballots
Central Idea:          Rotating names on a ballot can eliminate the unfair advantage that some candidates
Enjoy
Introduction
Imagine you are running for political office.
Then imagine you lose the election because your name is not listed first on the voting ballot.
This unfairness happens year after year, all over the world.
The reason for this is very simple and random:  the first names listed on the voting ballots receive an unfair advantage over all other names that follow.
In preparation for this speech I have done extensive research on the topic of voter ballots.
Over the next few minutes, I will persuade you to support the rotation of names on the voting ballots. 
Transition:  Let’s begin with the problem by examining this example.
Body
Main Point I. Typically, the first name listed on a voting ballot will receive 2 to 4 percent more votes than the other names, according to the New York State Board of Elections representative and attorney David McCoy.
Although name placement doesn’t guarantee victory, it does provide an unfair advantage to the first person listed.
Imagine this scenario:  Anne Adams and Linda Yates are running for mayor (change slide).
Simply because her name appears first, Anne Adams will receive a 2 to 4 percent advantage.
This seems like a minimal number, but it is enough to provide a winning victory in a close race.
Watch what happens when we apply the 2 percent advantage example.
Adams will win, 51 to 49 percent (change slide).
But if names are alphabetically reversed, or rotated, Yates would win, 51 to 49 percent.
Transition:  We examined the problem; now, let’s discuss the causes.
Main Point II.  The average voter shows a preference for whichever names is listed first on a voter ballot.
This raises a question of “why?” 
Dr. Jon Krosnick of Stanford University has researched this tendency to select the name listed first and drew the following conclusions. 
Many voters are unaware of the issues that each candidate stands supports, or they are undecided on who to vote for. 
However, because they feel obligated to vote, these voters tend to choose the top name on the list.
This tendency for the first-listed candidate to win is well-documented in local and minor elections.
Statistics professor Don Peters of the City College of New York, conducted a longitudinal study on election results of the past 26 years for the New York City School District (change slide).
Prof. Peters’ research confirmed that candidates were much more likely to win if their name was listed first.
Transition:  We have examined the problem and its causes, next let’s explore a potential solution.
Main Point III.  A simple way to resolve this issue is to rotate all the names.
A. Each candidate’s name would appear in the top spot an equal number of times.
Let’s expand our original example of Adams and Yates to include one additional candidate. (Change slide.)
Yates, Adams and Garcia are running.
One third of voters would see Yates’ name first, one third would see Adams’ name first and one third would see Garcia listed first.
This process is fair because it allows each person to experience the 2 to 4 percent advantage on an equal number of ballots. 
Name rotation has been successfully tried in some states and counties.
For instance in the state of Ohio, rotation occurs by district.
Dr. Krosnick’s research further reveals that Ohio has the fairest election in the nation.
In other areas, there are campaigns that are in support of the rotation system.
Throughout the world, some nations are trying to establish fair election procedures.
Voter reformers are at work in nations that list names alphabetically, including Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. 
In New Zealand, some candidates change their last name to Aaronson, Abbey and Abernathy to have a chance at the top position on the ballot (Change slide).
Conclusion 
In conclusion, let’s review what we discussed today.
The first candidate listed on a voter ballot typically receives a 2 to 4 per cent advantage over the other candidates.
The solution is to implement a rotation system with each candidate listed first an equal number of times.
It is a simply solution, and also one that is free.  
I urge you to support the rotation system in your community and state elections.
Please sign your name and print your email on the attached petition to support the change.
With enough support, you can help prevent an unqualified candidate from being elected, simply because of the spelling of their last name.

Turn in your outline for your acceptance speech here.  I have attached a blank copy of the outline below or you can build your own outline from scratch.   I have also attached an example of a student accepting the lovely student award.  Note how the speaker highlights personal improvements that have made them a worthy recipient. 

SPEECH OUTLINE
1. **Overview of AI Technology**: Introduce what artificial intelligence is, its main components, and how it works.
2. **Industry Applications**: Discuss how AI is being used in different sectors such as healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and entertainment.
3. **Ethical Considerations**: Address the ethical implications and challenges posed by AI, including privacy concerns and job displacement.
4. **Future Prospects**: Speculate on future developments in AI and its potential impacts on society and economy.
OUTLINE INSTRUCTIONS:
Topic
Choose a topic that you are interested in and that your audience might be interested in.
Format
This outline must be at least 3 pages long and use 12-point font.
Use appropriate coordination and subordination. Use full sentences, including subjects and verbs for the main ideas or main points and the 1st order of subordinate ideas or sub-points. Consistently use either full-sentence or list form for 2nd -order sub-points supporting the same 1st order sub-point. use list form for 3rd order, 4th order, and 5th order sub-points.
Enhance the readability of the outline. Use only one idea per point, only one sentence per point, single-space each point, and double-space vertically between points. Leave a line of white space between each point at every level.
Transitions between major sections and the main points should be provided in the outline. Use transitions to move the audience’s attention from one section to another or from one main point to another.
Use a consistent pattern of indentation. Type main points flush with the left margin. Indent 5 spaces for 1st-order sub-points, 10 spaces for 2nd-order sub-points, 15 spaces for 3rd-order sub-points, 20 spaces for 4th-order sub-points.
Use the following system to label the points in the body:
Main Points: upper case Roman numerals [I, II, III, IV, V]
1st -order sub-points: upper case letters [A, B, C, D, E]
2nd -order sub-points: Arabic numerals [1, 2.3, 4, 5]
3rd -order sub-points: lower-case letters {a, b, c, d, e],
4th -order sub-points: Arabic numerals in parentheses [(1), (2), (3)]
Content
Specific Purpose:
Your specific purpose should consist of the following three parts:
Specific Communication Word (use an infinitive phrase…to inform, to persuade, to explain)
Target Audience (classmates, colleagues, students…)
The Content (how to do something, why one thing is better than the other…)
Thesis (or Central Idea Statement):
This should be one complete sentence that provides an overview of your presentation.
The introduction should gain attention, orient the audience by stating the topic, offer a reason for listening, and preview the body of the speech. The introduction (which may be outlined or written word-for-word) is designed to
gain the attention of the audience; and
establish the speaker’s credibility; and
establish offering a compelling reason for listening; and
orient the audience to your topic/purpose/central idea; and
preview your main points
Do not say “I will tell the story of ____,” or “I will do X, Y, or Z.” outline or write the story here in the Introduction, such as “Have you ever found yourself repeating mistakes you have made before?” outline or write the question here.
Transitions may link major sections OR main ideas OR subordinate ideas within the body of the speech.
The body must contain 2-5 main points using patterns of organization covered in the textbook; other patterns of must have prior approval by the instructor. Each main point must be well supported by 2-5 1st-order sub-points designed to illustrate the main points (examples, illustrations, facts, quotations, etc.) Don’t overload the audience with information. Move from simple to complex ideas. Move from familiar to unfamiliar ideas. Define your terms.
The body develops your ideas, condenses your thinking and research, ensuring that you have done an adequate job of preparation. The entire outline should contain more material than you have time to use in your speech and must be at least 3 pages in length [2 full + 1 partial). You must use two-five (2-5) main ideas and two-five (2-5) subordinate (sub-points) points for each main point or higher-level sub-point.
The conclusion should restate or summarize the main points and communicate a sense of finality (verbally or nonverbally indicate that you have finished talking). You may end with a story or quotation.
The conclusion (which may be outline or written word-for-word) communicates a sense of finality and should
signal the end of your speech; and
recap your main points, and
provide a clincher.
References
The references section reports where you found the information for your speech. There are two general sources of information: your own personal experience and what you have learned from outside sources (reading or interviewing). You must indicate where you obtained your information. You are expected to provide at least five credible sources for this speech.
If some of your information came from your own experience, specify that personal experience in the reference. For example, “I based this speech on water safety totally upon my personal experience as a lifeguard at Norms’ Resort, Cottage Lake, for the seven summers from 1959 until 1965.” Your personal experience will count as only one of five or more sources of information required.
You must include and cite properly (in APA format) at least one source from the Columbia College library database. Do not use Wikipedia as a source of information. However, if you cite electronic sources, provide enough information so that I could duplicate your search. Include at least the author or editor, title, date, publication medium, publisher, and the Universal Resource Locator (URL), which includes protocol, site, path, and file.

Description:  Compose and post a brief speech on speech anxiety, using 2 of the 4 references listed here: M11 Sources for Oral Citation Speech (Speech #2)
PLEASE USE ONLY THE REFERENCES THE INSTRUCTOR PROVIDED. Be sure to present the complete oral citation for both of your sources/references.
Topic: Oral Citations
Time Limit: no limit
Purpose: Practice presenting complete oral citations. This will help with the Informative Speech.
Oral Citation Format for Different Types of Sources
Goal
As you start to prepare for your Informative speech, you need to also start practicing reciting oral citations. You need to present 3 oral citations in your Informative Speech and 5 oral citations in your Persuasive Speech. This exercise will give you some practice.
Different Types of Sources 
Here is more specific information on oral citations for different types of sources: 
Oral Citations for Articles (Journal or Newspaper)
Articles – if you are orally citing information from a magazine, newspaper or journal article provide the author’s credentials (if relevant), the full date and title of the source.
Sample Oral Citations for Articles:
According to Reginald Johnson, a sports columnist for the Chicago Sun Times, in an article from May 31, 2022…
Newsweek magazine of June 1, 2017, lists bankruptcy as the…
The Minneapolis Star Tribune of January 31, 2018, quotes Chris Nowinski, cofounder of the Concussion Legacy Foundation, on the dangers of youth tackle football. “Children,” he says, “were never intended to be hit in the head five hundred times in three months every year while their brain is going through incredible development.”
Oral Citations for Books 
Books – if you are citing information from a book, provide the full title of the book, year of publication, and a brief mention of the author’s credentials.
Sample Oral Citations for Books:
In her 2017 book, The Difficult Child, Erin Cooper, a child psychologist, notes children….
In his 2022 book, How to Really Play Dominoes, Jeremiah Johnson, two-time domino tournament winner, recalls….
Oral Citations for Webpages (Companies, Organizations, etc.)
Websites/Webpages – if you are citing a website you need to establish the credibility of the site. Please do not use Wikipedia, ask Jeeves, or other non-credible websites. If you are citing a website, be sure you mention the following information in your oral citation:
The title of the website
The author(s)/sponsoring organization supports the site
Check the credentials of the site. Look for links like “About Us” or “Our Mission” to determine the credibility of the site.
The last date the article or information was updated, if known (sometimes at 
the bottom of a content page you can find this date) OR The date you accessed the website/webpage
If you cannot find this information on a website/webpage, you may want to consider 
finding a different source. The credibility of this information is in question. 
Oral Citations for Websites 
In an oral citation of a website, you do not need to give the URL.
Sample Oral Citations for Websites:
One of the most active developers of neurotechnology, Cyberkinetics.com, claims on their website, last updated on March 24, 2006, that…
From the website maintained by the Wisconsin Council of Dairy Farmers entitled “Dairy Products and Your Diet”, as of January 10, 2007, yogurt proves to be…OR
From the website maintained by the Wisconsin Council of Dairy Farmers entitled “Dairy Products and Your Diet”, I accessed on January 3rd of this year, yogurt proves to be…
Please remember an oral citation should give the listener enough information to find the source. Therefore, just stating the newspaper title or the author is not enough information.
Compose and post/upload a brief speech, using 2 of the 4 references listed on the following content page: M11 Sources for Oral Citation Speech (Speech #2)
Be sure to present the complete oral citation for both of your sources/references.
Review the following content page for more information on what information must be included in a complete oral citation: M11: Oral Citation Format for Different Types of Sources

write a 5-8 page paper that satisfies the requirements of the original assignment but is additionally focused on the following:
Choose to specifically watch a PERSUASIVE speaker (one who’s goal it is to change how we think or act) rather than an informative or ceremonial.
Add to your paper an analysis of the evidence and reasoning of the speaker (remember persuasive speeches consist of arguments for a cause and arguments consist of a claim, backed up by evidence, and supported by reasoning).
Determine and identify the speaker’s overall persuasive purpose/(PROPOSITION)
Identify the persuasive CLAIMS that the speaker uses to persuade you of the overall purpose.
Identify some of the EVIDENCE that was used to support these CLAIMS by utilizing the 8 tests of evidence (found on Canvas)
Identify some of the REASONING that was used to connect the EVIDENCE to the CLAIMS.
What types of inductive reasoning did the speaker use? Reasoning by example, by cause, by analogy, by comparison, by authority, by sign?
Did the speaker create any deductive arguments (arguing from general conclusions to a specific claim – see textbook)?
Critique the evidence of the speaker by using the 8 Tests of Evidence paper found on Canvas to see if the speaker’s evidence passes all of these tests; and explaining when are where it fails.
Critique the reasoning of the speaker by using the 8 Fallacies paper found on Canvas to see if any of the reasoning of the speaker is flawed and s/he has created fallacious reasoning. Identify and explain any fallacies in their argument.
Finally, in your last paragraph of the assignment where you are to discuss the overall effectiveness of this speaker, review your critique of the speaker’s arguments and then offer some suggestions on how they might have better argued for their PROPOSITION. Please note this process is very similar to what you will be doing in the debates; here you will be offering it in written form instead of oral.
Worksheet to prepare Speech 101 Honors Speech Analysis Paper
Therefore, include in your paper the following:
PROPOSITION (overarching claim)
The speaker’s overarching claim/PROPOSITION is: ________________________________________
(example: that the death penalty should be abolished in the state of California)
The speaker’s overarching claim/PROPOSITION is focused on proving a: Fact, Value, or Policy?
(example: Policy)
CLAIMS
The speaker’s first claim to support the proposition is: ______________________________________
(example: that the death penalty is inhumane)
The speaker’s second claim to support the proposition is: ______________________________________
(example: that the death penalty is too costly)
The speaker’s third claim to support the proposition is: ______________________________________
(example: that the death penalty is racist)
EVIDENCE – proof
The speaker’s evidence for the first claim is:_________________________________________________
(example: the speaker said: “According to Wikipedia.com, the definition of inhumanity is that there is no hint of humanness in the decision that is being made.” (2024)
The speaker’s evidence for the second claim is:_______________________________________________
(example: the speaker said: “According to an article under California Cost Study 2011 on deathpenaltyinfo.org, death row inmates cost the state an additional 90,000 per year per inmate compared to regular prisoners.”)
The speaker’s evidence for the third claim is:_________________________________________________
(example: the speaker said: “According to an article titled “Arguments Against the Death Penalty” on ProCon.org, “People of color have accounted for a disproportionate 43% of total executions since 1976.” (2024)
EVIDENCE – Analysis
The evidence for the first claim does pass the Test of Evidence called:________ because_____________
(example: Fails the test of Reliability because Wikipedia is not considered a trustworthy source)                 
The evidence for the first claim does pass the Test of Evidence called:________ because_____________
(example: Fails the test of Recency because the study was from 2011)
The evidence for the first claim does pass the Test of Evidence called:________ because_____________
(example: Fails the test of Objectivity because the title of the article is arguments against the death penalty and upon further investigation the research was conducted by an organization called The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty which by name sounds very biased. We need an objective report of statistics).
REASONING – Types of
The intended reasoning in the first argument is ______________reasoning.
(example: deductive reasoning by enthymeme – see textbook)
The intended reasoning in the second argument is ______________reasoning.
(example: inductive reasoning by comparison)
The intended reasoning in the third argument is ______________reasoning.
(example: inductive reasoning by example)
REASONING – Analysis of
The reasoning in the first argument is a ________________ Fallacy because_______________________
(example: the reasoning is considered a Circular Fallacy because the speaker uses the term human in trying to define humanity, so the conclusion is assumed in one of the premises of the syllogism)
The reasoning in the second argument is a ______________ Fallacy because_______________________
(example: the reasoning is considered a Red Herring Fallacy because the speaker is arguing that cost should distract us from doing what is right and just. It is a diversionary tactic to take our attention away from the real facts that a highly dangerous person could be allowed to live because it is expensive to house them and execute them. The real problem is not cost of execution, it is the cost of housing these high security inmates and that cost could be dealt with in other ways than abandoning the death penalty
The reasoning in the third argument is a ________________ Fallacy because_______________________
(example: the reasoning is considered a Hasty Generalization fallacy because the speaker does not provide representative information nor enough information to prove that people of color are executed disproportionately. For instance, what is the percentage of the people of color population that are on death row for comparison? Further, what other factors weigh into the final execution that may be skewing this number but completely coincidental to skin color, e.g. degree of crime. Also, the numbers of executions here are not large enough to analyze statistically since only 13 people have actually been executed in CA since the death penalty was reinstated in 1977. Further there hasn’t been an execution here since 2006. We are a much more discrimination-conscious people today than we were when these executions were taking place so we can not judge today based on past practices).
Lastly, if you are not sure about the fallacy at play, just take a stab at it! Then make an argument for what you are claiming. Reason through it.

5 page paper that satisfies the requirements of the original assignment but is additionally focused on the following:
Choose to specifically watch a PERSUASIVE speaker (one who’s goal it is to change how we think or act) rather than an informative or ceremonial.
Add to your paper an analysis of the evidence and reasoning of the speaker (remember persuasive speeches consist of arguments for a cause and arguments consist of a claim, backed up by evidence, and supported by reasoning).
Determine and identify the speaker’s overall persuasive purpose/(PROPOSITION)
Identify the persuasive CLAIMS that the speaker uses to persuade you of the overall purpose.
Identify some of the EVIDENCE that was used to support these CLAIMS by utilizing the 8 tests of evidence (found on Canvas)
Identify some of the REASONING that was used to connect the EVIDENCE to the CLAIMS.
What types of inductive reasoning did the speaker use? Reasoning by example, by cause, by analogy, by comparison, by authority, by sign?
Did the speaker create any deductive arguments (arguing from general conclusions to a specific claim – see textbook)?
Critique the evidence of the speaker by using the 8 Tests of Evidence paper found on Canvas to see if the speaker’s evidence passes all of these tests; and explaining when are where it fails.
Critique the reasoning of the speaker by using the 8 Fallacies paper found on Canvas to see if any of the reasoning of the speaker is flawed and s/he has created fallacious reasoning. Identify and explain any fallacies in their argument.
Finally, in your last paragraph of the assignment where you are to discuss the overall effectiveness of this speaker, review your critique of the speaker’s arguments and then offer some suggestions on how they might have better argued for their PROPOSITION. Please note this process is very similar to what you will be doing in the debates; here you will be offering it in written form instead of oral.
Worksheet to prepare Speech 101 Honors Speech Analysis Paper
Therefore, include in your paper the following:
PROPOSITION (overarching claim)
The speaker’s overarching claim/PROPOSITION is: ________________________________________
(example: that the death penalty should be abolished in the state of California)
The speaker’s overarching claim/PROPOSITION is focused on proving a: Fact, Value, or Policy?
(example: Policy)
CLAIMS
The speaker’s first claim to support the proposition is: ______________________________________
(example: that the death penalty is inhumane)
The speaker’s second claim to support the proposition is: ______________________________________
(example: that the death penalty is too costly)
The speaker’s third claim to support the proposition is: ______________________________________
(example: that the death penalty is racist)
EVIDENCE – proof
The speaker’s evidence for the first claim is:_________________________________________________
(example: the speaker said: “According to Wikipedia.com, the definition of inhumanity is that there is no hint of humanness in the decision that is being made.” (2024)
The speaker’s evidence for the second claim is:_______________________________________________
(example: the speaker said: “According to an article under California Cost Study 2011 on deathpenaltyinfo.org, death row inmates cost the state an additional 90,000 per year per inmate compared to regular prisoners.”)
The speaker’s evidence for the third claim is:_________________________________________________
(example: the speaker said: “According to an article titled “Arguments Against the Death Penalty” on ProCon.org, “People of color have accounted for a disproportionate 43% of total executions since 1976.” (2024)
EVIDENCE – Analysis
The evidence for the first claim does pass the Test of Evidence called:________ because_____________
(example: Fails the test of Reliability because Wikipedia is not considered a trustworthy source)                 
The evidence for the first claim does pass the Test of Evidence called:________ because_____________
(example: Fails the test of Recency because the study was from 2011)
The evidence for the first claim does pass the Test of Evidence called:________ because_____________
(example: Fails the test of Objectivity because the title of the article is arguments against the death penalty and upon further investigation the research was conducted by an organization called The World Coalition Against the Death Penalty which by name sounds very biased. We need an objective report of statistics).
REASONING – Types of
The intended reasoning in the first argument is ______________reasoning.
(example: deductive reasoning by enthymeme – see textbook)
The intended reasoning in the second argument is ______________reasoning.
(example: inductive reasoning by comparison)
The intended reasoning in the third argument is ______________reasoning.
(example: inductive reasoning by example)
REASONING – Analysis of
The reasoning in the first argument is a ________________ Fallacy because_______________________
(example: the reasoning is considered a Circular Fallacy because the speaker uses the term human in trying to define humanity, so the conclusion is assumed in one of the premises of the syllogism)
The reasoning in the second argument is a ______________ Fallacy because_______________________
(example: the reasoning is considered a Red Herring Fallacy because the speaker is arguing that cost should distract us from doing what is right and just. It is a diversionary tactic to take our attention away from the real facts that a highly dangerous person could be allowed to live because it is expensive to house them and execute them. The real problem is not cost of execution, it is the cost of housing these high security inmates and that cost could be dealt with in other ways than abandoning the death penalty
The reasoning in the third argument is a ________________ Fallacy because_______________________
(example: the reasoning is considered a Hasty Generalization fallacy because the speaker does not provide representative information nor enough information to prove that people of color are executed disproportionately. For instance, what is the percentage of the people of color population that are on death row for comparison? Further, what other factors weigh into the final execution that may be skewing this number but completely coincidental to skin color, e.g. degree of crime. Also, the numbers of executions here are not large enough to analyze statistically since only 13 people have actually been executed in CA since the death penalty was reinstated in 1977. Further there hasn’t been an execution here since 2006. We are a much more discrimination-conscious people today than we were when these executions were taking place so we can not judge today based on past practices).
Lastly, if you are not sure about the fallacy at play, just take a stab at it! Then make an argument for what you are claiming. Reason through it.