Category: World history

Immerse yourself in the bustling streets of Chang’an , the capital
city, 
during the illustrious Han Dynasty of China. You are a curious commoner
experiencing the vibrancy of daily life.
Capture the essence of vibrant
visuals, echoing sounds, bustling marketplaces, the 
hushed secrets of political
intrigue within the imperial court, or the serene ambiance of a 
scholar’s
studio.
Write
a story about this transformative era, highlighting its cultural 
richness,
technological innovations, and the delicate balance between 
tradition and
progress.
Minimum word count: 120

Works Cited
Pedley, John Griffiths. “Greek Art.” Art Institute of Chicago Museum
Studies, vol. 20, no. 1, 1994, pp. 33–53. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/4112950.
Teaching History with 100 Objects – An Athenian Family. http://teachinghistory100.org/objects/about_the_object/an_athenian_family?_gl=1*edkred*_up*MQ..*_ga*MTg3MDY2NTU0MC4xNzE1MTgzNTE3*_ga_6THETYGKTQ*MTcxNTE4MzUxNy4xLjAuMTcxNTE4MzUxNy4wLjAuMA.. Accessed 8 May 2024.
Oakley, John H. “Greek Vase Painting.” American Journal of
Archaeology, vol. 113, no. 4, 2009, pp. 599–627. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/20627620.

General Instructions for Both Groups:
Objective: To explore and understand the events, impact, and historical significance of your assigned genocide through in-depth research and a presentation.
Resources Provided: Access to PCTI Media Center Resources, documentary selections, online databases (like JSTOR, Google Scholar), and primary source archives.
Final Work Due:
Written Report: A detailed report covering the assigned topic, following the provided outline (1-2 pages, double-spaced).
Although you may work in groups to research and discuss the information, ALL STUDENTS MUST WRITE THEIR OWN REPORT.

Question: What were effects of WWI on at least two different regions of world? Please include three effects and limit your answer to pre-1939.
Evidence: Please use at least four library sources (one primary and three secondary) to complete this assignment and you may feel like you need more to properly answer the question. The four required MC Library sources can be books, Ebooks, digital articles, book chapters, and digital databases like JSTOR or New York Times Historical. Online Encyclopedias or random websites (not connected to MC library) are not considered sources. Please visit the class guide here for a database of primary sources as well as assistance finding additional sources: https://middlesexcc.libguides.com/WWI.  Please prioritize the primary source as it will be key to crafting original arguments and providing firsthand perspectives. 
Additional Tasks:
Library Instruction Module: Please join your instructor for an in-person meeting to discuss how to use the library to complete research for your project. Please have a look at the dedicated library guide for the course before the meeting and have the page open during the meeting: https://middlesexcc.libguides.com/WWI.  At that page you will find many primary sources curated by MC Librarians – see the tabs labeled  “WWI Primary Sources” and “The Interwar Years Primary Sources.” Another great resource for primary sources is the New York Times Historical. Go to: https://middlesexcc.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/advanced/reset/?accountid=40481 .There you can search old copies of the Times. Set your date range from 1914-1939 and everything that appears is a primary source. 
Library Instruction Module: Please join your instructor for an in-person meeting to discuss how to use the library to complete research for your project. Please have a look at the dedicated library guide for the course before the meeting and have the page open during the meeting: https://middlesexcc.libguides.com/WWI.  At that page you will find many primary sources curated by MC Librarians – see the tabs labeled  “WWI Primary Sources” and “The Interwar Years Primary Sources.” Another great resource for primary sources is the New York Times Historical. Go to: https://middlesexcc.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/advanced/reset/?accountid=40481 .There you can search old copies of the Times. Set your date range from 1914-1939 and everything that appears is a primary source. 
Getting Started: 
Topics/Thesis: This research project asks you to prove that WWI (1914-1918) impacted Europe, the USA, or the world  in three ways. It is a very broad question. You may want to explore a political, a social, and an economic effect or simply look at three social changes that came about because of the war. A couple example theses might be:
“World War I, in part, caused the Armenian Genocide, the disastrous Treaty of Versailles, and the rise of fascism (Nazis and Fascists).” With this thesis, I would divide my paper into thirds and then set out to prove that WWI did in fact impact the Armenian Genocide, the Treaty of Versailles, and the rise of fascism.
Another thesis might be: “WWI had a pervasive impact on the rise of racism including the rise of fascism in Germany and Italy, and race massacres in the USA.”
Or, “The impact of WWI on Germany led to the rise of Dadaism, fascism, and economic turmoil. 
List of possible topics to use for your thesis.
Effects on Europe:
In Europe, the war manifests in new destructive means including trench warfare and total war. PTSD (shell shock) is widespread. A generation of men is lost – physically and mentally. 
Immediately after WWI women’s suffrage spreads across Europe, recognizing the role of women during the war, with the key exception of France (1945).
Sex Disqualification Act of 1919 (Britain) enabled women to go to university, become professionals (doctors), and enter the civil service. By 1930, one-third of British women worked outside the home; also seen as a result of the role of women during the war.
Destruction and loss in Europe lead to a reconceptualization of liberal democracy which gets blamed for the war. Alternatives like socialism/communism and fascism are promoted instead. 
The Treaty of Versailles, which ends WWI, severely impacts Germany leading to hyperinflation and the rise of the Nazi Party (fascists). 
In the aftermath of war new ideologies including Fascism and Communism come to denominate in the 1920s and 30s. 
WWI leads to the Russian Revolution which creates the first Socialist country. Socialism/Communism spreads globally as a result leading to “red scares”.
The Treaty of Versailles brings peace to Europe but is flawed. The treaty that ended WWI might foretell another World War (WWII begins on Sept 1st 1939). 
Italy and Germany embrace fascism as a reaction to spreading communism and the Treaty of Versailles
Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia are created in the aftermath of WWI. Germany especially, is impacted. 
Immediately after the war, Europe experiences massive inflation and then also the Great Depression.
Minority groups in Europe, including Jews and Armenians, are scapegoated for the failure of WWI and the economy. 
The Ottoman Empire conducts the Armenian Genocide during WWI to distract its population from the fact it was losing WWI. The genocide also took place during WWI because the world was distracted and thus had no outside intervention. 
The art movement known as Dadaism and later Surrealism, reflects the tensions/confusion of the age. 
Holodomor or Ukrainian Famine or Ukrainian Genocide 
Ukrainian Independence (post-WWI)
Effects on USA: 
As a result of WWI, US becomes a global military and industrial leader.
Progressive Reforms change the lifestyle of many Americans including African Americans and women who helped win the war. 
Approx. 500,000 African Americans moved into northern states – “The Great Migration” seeking to capitalize on the freedoms promised when they fought in WWI.  
Race riots occur in most major northern cities. 
19th Amendment passed on June 4th, 1919 recognizing the role women played in winning the war. 
WWI sees the spread of socialism and communism as an antiwar reaction. A ‘Red Scare’ hits the nation as union membership increases. 
Benefiting from wartime spending, The Roaring Twenties introduce the US to consumerism and materialism and large-scale use of electricity.
Inflation rises after WWI and debt increases leading to 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression.
The US stays out of the League of Nations designed to prevent another World War. 
US corporations, and the military, begin having a major influence in Latin America.
Trying to capitalize on the equality of African Americans serving in WWI, an artistic African American movement, known as the “Harlem Renaissance”, took place in NYC 
Global Effects:
Countries all over the world participated in WWI sending either troops (1 million Africans, Vietnamese, Indians), as laborers (China), or financially involved (Brazil).
Soldiers, especially from African and South-East Asian countries fought in the war as a result of European colonialism. 
Nationalist and independence movements rose during or immediately after the war as Europe’s power declined due to the war.  
A sampling of nationalist movements include: Irish Republican Army, Indian National Congress, Pan-African Congress, Zionism, and the Kuomintang of China. 
Immediately after WWI colonial revolts began in the Middle East and South-East Asia. 
A new state was invented, Iraq, created by the British for its oil resources.
Inspired by the Russian Revolution, socialism linked Pan-Africanists from America, Africa, Europe, and the Caribbean through the writings of George Padmore and W.E.B. Dubois. 
Similarly, after supplying the most laborers of any non-European country to the war effort in Europe but then rejected at the Paris Peace Conference, China increasingly embraced socialism as a rejection of western ideals. 
In Central and South America one imperialist (Europe) was replaced with another: America. As Europe receded during and after WWI, American corporations such as the United Fruit Company moved in. American military intervention followed.
As boom and bust economies emerged, Latin Americans increasingly turned to their military (military dictators) as a source of stability.
Getting Started with a thesis.  Choosing topics (thesis points) may prove difficult. First revisit the lectures and course material you discussed in class about WWI. Try to find topics that interest you and begin looking through Ebooks and MC online databases found here: https://middlesexcc.libguides.com/WWI. Another way to find basic information on the suggested topics listed above (or other topics you are interested in), is to search Facts on File (an encyclopedia) which is available online through our library. See the “Topic Overviews” tab on the online course guide for a quick way to get to Facts on File. Please note that encyclopedias do not count towards your required sources but can be helpful for background information. 
AI: AI or LLM’s like Google’s Gemini or ChatGTP can be a helpful tools for this project including using it as a summarizer tool or as an AI editing or formatting tool. Whether you use Ai or not you must still prove that the information you are using is factually accurate. 
Presentation: Answer the question above in a c. 5 page, double-spaced essay (approximately 1250 words) including a “Works Cited” page that does not count towards your total number of pages or word count. This is a short paper – therefore make your ideas count.  Papers will be graded on how well you use MC Library resources (books, articles, Ebooks, digital databases, JSTOR), the accuracy of your historical interpretation, the clarity of your presentation and argument, and whether or not you achieved the task of proving WWI impacted Europe/USA. You must provide MLA parenthetical citations for interpretations or factual points that are not your own [Example: (Smith, p. 100).]. The due date is listed on your syllabus and failure to turn in the paper on time will result in a letter grade per-day reduction. A rubric is on Canvas and Turnitin will be used to grade. Please talk to me if you would like to present your project in a matter that is not a tradition paper.  
Citing Sources and information: when in doubt cite. For this paper parenthetical references are fine. At the end of a sentence that needs a citation place the author and page number in parenthesis (Smith, p. 100). You should provide citations for direct quotes and any factual or interpretive points that are not your own. Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the “Works Cited” page. Please use MLA (Modern Language Association) style for all citations and for the “works cited” page which should be the last page (page 6) of your paper. For an overall guide to MLA and how to cite books, articles, see: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_formatting_and_style_guide.html In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as parenthetical citation. This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. When in doubt cite it! For example: “Napoleon saved France” (Smith, p. 87).  Therefore, on your “Works Cited” page you must have the corresponding full citation for the book: class textbook: Smith, John, Fake Citations. New York:  Norton, 2014.  
Works Cited Page: please create an alphabetical list of the sources (books, articles) you have used in your paper on the last page of the paper. For a book, the author’s name appears in the last name, first name format. 
The basic form for a book citation is:
Last name, First name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
For an article in a scholarly journal:
Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume. Issue (Year): pages.
Cite articles from online databases (ex.  LexisNexis, ProQuest, JSTOR, ) and other subscription services just as you would print sources. 
For examples on how to cite any possible resource please see:
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_formatting_and_style_guide.html
Plagiarism: don’t do it. Turnitin will be used on these papers. No one asks you to be an expert. 

write a short essay in writing tutor, describing the six key features of Egypt. Be sure to include how you’re choosing. Civilization advanced human society as a whole 

Directions: Complete Parts I, II, and III below. The exam covers information from weeks 9 through 14. To be eligible for full credit on each question, be sure to cite details and use textual citations (quotes and page numbers) from the Ways of the World textbook to support your analysis. 
Part I: Long Essay (4 to 5 paragraphs) – 40 points
In the opening of Chapter 12, the textbook authors write:
“This sharp debate about Columbus reminds us that the past is endlessly contested and that it continues to resonate in the present. But it also reflects a broad agreement that the voyages of Columbus marked a decisive turning point, for better or worse, in world history and represent arguably the most important event of the fifteenth century” (WOTW 498).
Write a 4-5 paragraph essay evaluating some of the ideas raised in this quote. Cite details and use textual citations (quotes and page numbers) from the Ways of the World textbook to support your analysis of the following questions:
Is “the past … endlessly contested”?
Does the past “continue to resonate in the present”?
Do you think Columbus’ voyages were “a decisive turning point for better”? AND/OR “a decisive turning point … [for] worse”?
Why might Columbus’ voyages be considered “the most important event of the fifteenth century”?
What other important event(s) might be considered among “the most important event[s] of the fifteenth century”?
Part II: Short Essay (2 to 3 paragraphs) – 30 points
Weeks 9-14 of the semester discuss various third-wave era civilizations and peoples. Of all that you have learned in the second half of the semester, what did you find most interesting? **USE PAGES 409-414 THAT I HAVE PROVIDED FROM TEXTBOOK “WOTW” TO ANSWER THIS SECTION** Which civilization or people/culture resonated with you the most? Cite details and use textual citations (quotes and page numbers) from the Ways of the World textbook to support your analysis.
Part III: Source Analysis – 30 points
Directions: Complete parts A and B below. To be eligible for full credit, cite details and use textual citations (quotes and page numbers) from the Ways of the World textbook to support your analysis.
Part A: Reread Chapter 12 – Zooming in – 1453 in Constantinople (WOTW 513/514-515) and answer questions 1-2.
Discuss the significance of the following quote in the context of the reading as well as more broadly: “But what later observers see as inevitable generally occurs only with great human effort and amid vast uncertainty about the outcome. So it was in Constantinople in 1453” (WOTW 513/514-515). 
1a. What does this mean? Identify key words and/or phrases in your answer.
1b. How does this describe this moment in history?
1c. How is this idea significant in world history? today?
According to this reading, what factors contributed to Mehmed’s victory? Under what circumstances might a different outcome have been possible?
Part II: Reread Chapter 12 – Portrait of Mehmed II (WOTW 531-532) and answer questions 1-5.
According to the textbook, why was 1453 considered a “watershed moment”?
How is the characterization of Mehmed II in this reading similar and/or different from the description in the “Zooming In” reading? List a minimum of 3 details.
Why would Mehmed II have wanted his portrait painted by a Venetian artist? 
Why would a Venetian artist (and the city government of Venice) have been willing to paint Mehmed II?
What does this portrait reveal about the time period in which it was created?
I HAVE PROVIDED ALL THE TEXT PAGES AND LABELED WHAT IS NEEDED TO COMPLETE. thank you 🙂

one of the images is an example of what the assignment should look like and the other is what the assignment is asking for.

Answer the four questions only using the pdf given,  questions are on the pdf  and have to be answered using the evidence form pdf. The last 3 questions on the secound page of the pdf

Sources:
Overview: Colleges before Columbus https://go.view.usg.edu/content/enforced/3017516-CO.540.HIST1111.13582.20244/Essay%204%20overview.pdf?ou=3017516
Aztec Education: Learning at Home and School https://go.view.usg.edu/content/enforced/3017516-CO.540.HIST1111.13582.20244/Essay%204%20Aztec%20education.pdf?ou=3017516
Aztecs, Cosmology, and Ancient Rituals https://go.view.usg.edu/content/enforced/3017516-CO.540.HIST1111.13582.20244/Essay%204%20Aztecs,%20Cosmology,%20and%20Ancient%20Rituals.pdf?ou=3017516
Handbook to Life in the Aztec World https://go.view.usg.edu/content/enforced/3017516-CO.540.HIST1111.13582.20244/Essay%204%20Handbook%20to%20Life%20in%20the%20Aztec%20World.pdf?ou=3017516
Mayan Codices https://go.view.usg.edu/content/enforced/3017516-CO.540.HIST1111.13582.20244/Essay%204%20Mayan%20Codices.pdf?ou=3017516
Mayan Hieroglyphics https://go.view.usg.edu/content/enforced/3017516-CO.540.HIST1111.13582.20244/Essay%204%20Mayan%20Hieroglyphics.pdf?ou=3017516
Maya Writing https://go.view.usg.edu/content/enforced/3017516-CO.540.HIST1111.13582.20244/Essay%204%20Maya%20Writing.pdf?ou=3017516
Mayan Calendar https://go.view.usg.edu/content/enforced/3017516-CO.540.HIST1111.13582.20244/Essay%204%20Mayan%20Calendar.pdf?ou=3017516
Instructions:
In your essay, address both of the following questions:
According to the readings linked above, how and why did the Mayan and Aztec societies in Mesoamerica share knowledge? Who was considered educated? What was taught to children? How did people share and accumulate knowledge? What were educated people or schools expected to do for their communities and governments?
What can we learn about the history of the pre-Columbian Americas from studying systems of education, writing, and how people accumulated and shared information?

The documents linked below present some possible reasons why the historical significance of the Mongols can be viewed either positively or negatively. The purpose of this discussion is to have you consider this issue and then conclude if the impact of the Mongols was ultimately positive or negative.
Tasks:
Read the following documents:
Travels of Marco Polo
Polo, On the Tatars
The Secret History of the Mongols
Pinker, The Better Angels of our Nature
Then, answer both of the following questions:
Given the perspective of a person in the 21st century, how do you feel the Mongol expansion impacted world history in Asia and in Europe? Use specific examples from the assigned sources. 
Provide relevant examples from your own experiences where the impact of the Mongols can still be felt today (think about religion, ethnic diversity, and trade among others).
Expectations and Criteria for Success:
Your discussion post should answer all the questions above with specific examples and details from the assigned sources. 
Posts should be a minimum of 250 words. 
Please note that you will not be able to access your classmates’ posts until you yourself have posted. After your initial post, you should respond to at least two classmates’ posts. Successful replies will refer to course materials and contribute to new points of discussion and be between 2-4 sentences.
Cite your sources with parenthetical citations (author, abbreviated title, page/section). For any video sources, include the time stamp of where the information can be found).