Throughout this module, you were introduced to six different counselling modalities. Choose two counselling modalities that you did not select in your first assessment. Compare and contrast the selected modalities. In your essay, you will need to provide a thorough analysis of the two modalities and use evidence-based research to support your arguments.
Include the following in your response:
Briefly describe both modalities and their historical backgrounds.
Discuss the key concepts of each therapy and how they are applied in practice.
Compare and contrast the client-therapist relationship in each therapy.
Compare and contrast the therapeutic goals of each therapy.
Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of each therapy.
Reflect on the applicability of each modality in the South African context, taking into account the cultural and societal context. You are encouraged to use examples from the South African context to illustrate the applicability of each modality.
The assessment should include
introduction
A cover page
A table of contents
An introduction
The body (which may include sub-sections as per the points above)
A conclusion
Length: 1500 words maximum
Prescribed Reading:
Corey, G., Nicholas, L.J., & Bawa, U. (2021). Existential therapy. Theory and practice
of counselling and psychotherapy (3rd SA ed., Ch. 6). Cengage Learning.
Sharf, R. (2012). Existential therapy. Theories of psychotherapy and counseling:
Concepts and cases (5th ed., Ch. 5 pp. 175-208). Brooks/Cole Cengage
Learning.
Recommended Reading:
Hoffman, L., & Cleare-Hoffman, H. P. (2011). Existential therapy and emotions:
Lessons from cross-cultural exchange. The Humanistic Psychologist,
39(3), 261–267.
▪ The person-centred approach to therapy, including therapeutic goals,
assessment of therapist’s function and role, client’s experience in therapy,
and the relationship between therapist and client;
▪ The cultural applicability of person-centred therapy and multicultural
competence; and
▪ The strengths and limitations of person-centred therapy in the (South)
African context.
Prescribed Reading:
Corey, G., Nicholas, L.J., & Bawa, U. (2021). Person-centred therapy. Theory and
practice of counselling and psychotherapy (3rd SA ed., Ch. 7). Cengage
Learning.
Kim, J. (2018). Consideration of the applicability of person-centered therapy to
culturally varying clients, focusing on the actualizing tendency and self-
actualization–from East Asian perspective. Person-Centered &
Experiential Psychotherapies, 17(3), 201-223.
Sharf, R. (2012). Person-centered therapy. Theories of psychotherapy and
counseling: Concepts and cases (5th ed., Ch. 6). Brooks/Cole Cengage
Learning.
Wiryosutomo, H. W., Hanum, F., & Partini, S. (2019). History of development and
concept of person-centered counseling in cultural diversity. International
Journal of Educational Research Review, 4(1), 56-64.
Recommended Reading:
Lago, C. (2011). Diversity, oppression, and society: Implications for person-
centered therapists. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies,
10(4), 235-247.
Quinn, A. (2013). A person-centered approach to multicultural counseling
competence. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 53(2), 202-251.
Session 8 Person-Centred Therapy: Part Two
▪ A description of the fully-functioning person;
▪ The goals of assessment from a person-centred approach;
▪ The integration of the therapeutic triad through a transcript of a therapy
session; and
▪ A reflection on the client’s experience of therapy through a transcript of a
therapy session.
Prescribed Reading:
Proctor, C., Tweed, R., & Morris, D. (2016). The Rogerian fully functioning person:
A positive psychology perspective. Journal of Humanistic Psychology,
56(5), 503-529.
Sharf, R. (2012). Person-centered therapy. Theories of psychotherapy and
counseling: Concepts and cases (5th ed., Ch. 6). Brooks/Cole Cengage
Learning.
Recommended Reading:
Rogers, C. (1962). Toward becoming a fully functioning person. In A. Combs (Ed.),
Perceiving, behaving, and becoming: a new focus for education (pp. 21-
33). Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
▪ The development and evolution of the Gestalt approach to psychotherapy
and counselling;
▪ The beginnings of Gestalt therapy in South Africa;
▪ The key principles of the Gestalt approach, including holism, field theory,
figure-formation process, organismic self-regulation, contact and
resistances, being in the now, unfinished business, and energy and blocks to
energy;
▪ The therapeutic goals, therapist’s function and role, client’s experience in
therapy, and the relationship between therapist and client;
▪ Standard Gestalt therapy interventions, such as internal dialogue, empty-
chair technique, future projection technique, making the rounds, reversal
exercise, rehearsal exercise, exaggeration exercise, staying with the feeling,
and dream work; and
▪ The strengths and limitations of Gestalt therapy in the (South) African
context.
Prescribed Reading:
Corey, G., Nicholas, L.J., & Bawa, U. (2021). Theory and practice of counselling and
psychotherapy (3rd SA ed., Ch. 8). Cengage Learning.
Recommended Reading:S
Frew, J. (2016). Gestalt therapy: Creatively adjusting in an increasingly diverse
world. Gestalt Review, 20(2), 106-128.
Sharf, R. (2012). Gestalt therapy: An experiential therapy. Theories of
psychotherapy and counseling: Concepts and cases (5th ed., Ch. 7).
Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.
Session 10 Counselling in (South) Africa: Contextual Issues
In this session, the student will explore the history and development of counselling
and psychotherapy. Topics the student will engage with include:
▪ The potential social, cultural, and political issues that are faced when
applying Western Counselling Modalities in a South African Context;
▪ Examples of counselling in South Africa and Africa, and
▪ A reflection on how the field of counselling and psychotherapy can or cannot
meet the needs of people in post-apartheid South Africa.
Prescribed Reading:
Madu, S. N. (2015). Psychotherapeutic values for modern Africa. Worldview,
Theory and Philosophy, 1(8), 8-15.
Maree, J. G., & Van der Westhuizen, C. N. (2011). Professional counseling in South
Africa: A landscape under construction. Journal of Counseling &
Development, 89(1), 105-111.
Myers, B., Petersen-Williams, P., Van Der Westhuizen, C., Lund, C., Lombard, C.,
Joska, J. A., … & Sorsdahl, K. (2019). Community health worker-delivered
counselling for common mental disorders among chronic disease patients
in South Africa: a feasibility study. BMJ Open, 9(1), e024277.
Tsikati, A. F. (2018). Factors contributing to effective guidance and counselling
services at university of Eswatini. Global Journal of Guidance and
Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives, 8(3), 139-148.
Recommended Reading:
Bantjes, J., Kagee, A., & Young, C. (2016). Counselling psychology in South Africa.
Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 29(2), 171-183.
Petersen, I., & Lund, C. (2011). Mental health service delivery in South Africa from
2000 to 2010: One step forward, one step back. South African Medical
Journal, 101(10), 751-757.
Category: Counselling Modalities
write a reflective essay which incorporates the following:
What are the main differences between psychotherapy and counselling, and why are these differences important to consider in practice?
What personal characteristics do effective counsellors possess, and why are they important for effective counselling and therapy? Also, consider the benefits of personal therapy for counsellors and therapists.
Which of these characteristics do you possess, and which ones do you need to develop further? How will you go about developing these characteristics?
How do values impact the development of therapeutic goals, and how can therapists ensure that their values do not negatively influence their clients?
What are multicultural competencies, and why are they important in counselling and psychotherapy? How can you develop your own multicultural competencies?
Reflect on the strengths and limitations of the psychoanalytic, Jungian, and Adlerian therapies in addressing the mental health needs and challenges of individuals and communities in South Africa. Explain why you find a particular approach more appealing than the others, based on their understanding of the approach and their evaluation of its strengths and limitations in the South African context.
Where you provide a quote, a definition or refer to another author’s view, please reference the author in the text and the reference list. It is important that while your answers to some of the questions are literature-based, you phrase them in your own words so that your educator can assess your understanding of the content.
The essay needs to be completed on template